Earth scientists study the earth's processes and the interaction between its oceans, atmosphere, rivers, lakes, and soils among others. Earth scientists can develop conceptual models for important earth processes (including geomechanical models, plate tectonics and earth deformations, seismic activities, etc.) to help in the exploration and exploitation of resources such as minerals, water, oil, and gas. The tools, methods, and practices in Earth Sciences are closely linked to fundamental sciences such as physics, chemistry, and math. Acquired skills combine fieldwork techniques and laboratory investigations using advanced equipment, state-of-the-art instrumentation, and computational skills.